Involves the use of anti-androgens. An androgen is a male hormone needed for the production of testosterone. By depriving the cancer cells of the testosterone they need for growth, tumors regress in size and cellular activity. Side effects include gynecomastia, the enlargement of breast tissue, hot flashes, and loss of libido ( desire to have sex ). Some long term hormonal therapy is associated with the loss of muscle mass, osteoporosis, and malaise ( loss of energy ).

A painless swelling of the scrotum, caused by a collection of fluid around the testicle; commonly occurs in middle-aged men.

A condition characterized in which the pelvic floor muscles can no longer provide the necessary support to the urethra and bladder neck. As a result, the bladder neck drops when any downward pressure is applied and causing involuntary leakage. This condition is the most common cause of stress urinary incontinence.

Excessive growth of normal cells of an organ.

The placement of semen into a woman's uterus, cervix, or vagina.

Exercises is to strengthen the muscles of the pelvic floor, which leads to more control and prevents leakage.

One of a pair of organs located at the back of the abdominal cavity. Kidneys make urine through blood filtration.